1. What is ISO 8601?
ISO 8601 is the international standard format for dates and times, e.g. "YYYY-MM-DDTHH:mm:ss.sssZ" — year-month-day and hour:minute:second separated by T, followed by UTC (Z) or a timezone offset such as +09:00. It is widely used in logs, API responses, and databases because it is unambiguous to both humans and machines.